What are the strengths and the weaknesses of using the 'medical Essay

What are the strengths and the weaknesses of using the 'medical marketplace' as an approach to the history of medicine - Essay Example For numerous historians, this emphasis is situated in the context of a medical marketplace composed of a variety of medical items and healers. The medical marketplace model has ever since governed the field of the history of medicine. Harold Cook coined the term ‘medical marketplace’ to describe English medicine during the 17the century.This model involves the long-established tripartite differentiation of physicians, surgeons, and apothecaries, plus different kinds of quacks, herbalists, faith healers, midwives, and other less definite or ‘qualified’ healers. However, the medical marketplace model has also been criticized in various medical fields. This essay analyses the strengths and weaknesses of the medical marketplace model as an approach to the history of medicine. The Medical Marketplace Model Drawing on the assumption that ailing individuals have the capacity to make consumer decisions and are rational, numerous historians have expanded the history of medicine to encompass all forms of medical marketplace throughout the history of medicine. Thus, the history of the whole range of casual quacks and healers, of commercial products, and family prescriptions for different illnesses has become accepted and popular medical history. Historians have been particularly interested in being able to recreate the massive array of options or alternatives available to consumers of medical products and/or services. Over the recent decades, historians have given a great deal of attention to the hierarchy or division of medical professionals and in the knowledge, understanding, and experiences of patients. As an outcome of this wider approach, historians became adept at characterising the delivery of medical products/services in early modern North America and Europe as a medical marketplace.4 Furthermore, this tendency to adopt the medical marketplace model has also been observed among historians focused on the histories of ‘folk medicineà ¢â‚¬â„¢. In general, how the patients responded or did not respond to their sickness offered a measure of the degree to which the medicalisation processes progressed or regressed throughout time.5 Historians in the 1970s and 1980s were predisposed to situate medical professionals at the limelight in the medical marketplace of the past centuries, endowing early modern physicians an antiquated critical role in the delivery of medical services. More distinguishing attribute of later studies is the transition from physician-oriented academic interest to a more inclusive paradigm of the different sources of medical products/services provided.6 Past studies drew largely on the number of medical professionals as a measure of what several historians considered as ‘poor’ performance of healers throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, revealing the exaggeration of the value of physicians, who in reality were an outnumbered group among medical practitioners.7 Basically, the medical marketplace model demonstrates that insistent and educated or well-informed patients, or consumers, bought medical products/services as commodities in a disorganised, independent, and unchecked medical system. From the 18th to the 19th century, no ethical codes specific to the field of medicine presided over the relationship between health care providers and patients in early modern North America and Europe.8 Even though highly educated medical professionals produced essays on issues that are currently classified within the domain of medical ethics, the daily interactions between the ill and healers were influenced by two categories of broader social rules: (1) the system of the delivery of medical services during the early modern period has been associated with

Propsal Essay revison Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Propsal revison - Essay Example The immediate effects anticipated in these circumstances are extreme reduction in the ingenuity and creativity among the working group often leading to lower productivity levels. Such type of situations could also result in the lowering loyalty to their task that ultimately causes radical reduction in the profits. Various successful initiatives have been reported across the world towards the retention rate of the employees in the organizations, ex: study at NASA. The aerospace industry faces Herculean tasks of retaining a satisfied team with very few graduating into the employment scene from the schools. Therefore the committed and capable team being forced to look out for alternate employment the shortage of adequate talent and high pressures on meeting the specific business targets. The research on NASA Marshall Space Flight Centre shows that practicing appropriate and innovative ways to retain their employs is fruitful (Herdey et al, 2008). Ineffective understanding and communication are the reasons that often turn employees restless and lead to disastrous outputs. Such a scenario finally ends in job switching, where he hopes to have better environment of work. To take hold of such migration across organizations, different techniques are practiced to boost motivation. And from a large pool of different methods, incentive systems are found to be most widely practiced. But most often the incentive systems make the employees to orient them towards the inventive component rather than achieving organizational goal. Also, an effective incentive, that promotes retention, drastically varies across persons, teams, companies, organizations and customers (Pavla, 2002). Quanta Energized Services, largest electric service contractor which provides total system solutions to the new challenges emerging in the electrical utilities sector resulting from deregulation and open transmission. The major business activities are related to the maintenance,

Man and Nature in Stephen Cranes The Blue Hotel and The Open Boat Essa

Man and Nature in The Blue Hotel and The Open Boat   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Stephen Crane uses a massive, ominous stove, sprawled out in a tiny room and burning with "god-like violence," as a principal metaphor to communicate his interpretation of the world. Full of nearly restrained energy, the torrid stove is a symbol of the burning, potentially eruptive earth to which humans "cling" and of which they are a part. As a literary naturalist, Crane interpreted reality from a Darwinian perspective, and saw the earth driven by adamant natural laws, violent and powerful laws which are often hostile to humans and their societies, and he conceived of humans as accidents, inhabiting a harsh, irrational, dangerous world. Crane's famous depiction of the world is this: It is "a whirling, fire-smote, ice-locked, disease-stricken, space-lost bulb" (Crane 783). With two of his short stories, "The Blue Hotel" and "The Open Boat," Crane explores how humans react when the stove bursts and natural flames blaze furiously; Crane sets two different groups of men into situations in which the laws of nature are against them. The natural laws that govern the weather and the ocean storm against a group of men who are trying, albeit in an exhausted dinghy, to make the coast of Florida in the story "The Open Boat." In "The Blue Hotel," the animalistic laws that determine human behavior birth chaos among a group of strangers. One can readily see both similarities and differences in the reactions of the two groups of men to the world. That, in both stories, both groups of men are shocked and yet charmed by the violence of nature is an essential similarity; that in one story the men work together to save one another and in the other story the men beat ... ...red A. Knopf Inc., 1992.   Crane, Stephen. "The Open Boat." The University of Virginia Edition of the Works of Stephen Crane: Volume V, Tales of Adventure. Ed. Fredson Bowers. Charlottesville: UP of Virginia, 1970. Gerstenberger, Donna. "'The Open Boat': An Additional Perspective." Modern Fiction Studies 17 (1971-72):557-561. Gibson, William M., ed.   The Red Badge of Courage and Selected Prose and Poetry by Stephen Crane.   New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1950.   Halliburton, David.   The Color of the Sky: A Study of Stephen Crane.  Ã‚   New York:   Cambridge UP,   1989. Johnson, Paul. Modern Times, The World from the Twenties to the Eighties. New York: Harper Colophon Books, Harper and Row Publishers, 1983. Kent, Thomas L "The Problem of Knowledge in'The Open Boat'and 'The Blue Hotel." American Literary Realism 14 (1981): 262-268.   

Magnon of the Spring

Christian Nelson English 1010 Tue Thurs 9:30 Karma and â€Å"Manon of the Spring† Every day we are put into situations where karma seems to have a role in our fate. Whether you believe it or not, it is pretty compelling to wonder. Karma is a huge factor in the movie, â€Å"Manon of the Spring,† and plays into the story in several different instances. The theory of karma states that as one does good or bad, the good or the bad will come back around for this person. In the film, we are shown both forms of karma and in a variety of ways.There are many smaller forms of karma in the movie that you may make a case for; however there is one main point that controls the outcome of the entire film as well as the lives of the people in the film. The unfortunate death of Ugolin has karma’s wrath all around it. This example plays a huge role in the outcome of the story and portrays karma at its greatest effect. In the story, we are shown the characters of Ugolin and Papet. U golin is Papet’s nephew and the only considered heir to his fortune simply for lack of a better option.All of Papet’s life, he has wanted a son or daughter of his own to hand down his fortune. Unbeknownst to him, he had a son; and he is to blame for his death. Throughout the story we see Ugolin begin to go on a downward spiral due to an eccentric love craze. He sees Manon, daughter of the village hunchback, bathing nude in the springs. From this day forth, Ugolin begins to change in very mysterious ways. The furthest extent of this obsession is when he sews Manon’s ribbon to his bare chest.Papet is pleased to find out that Ugolin finally has a woman to share his wealth, but he doesn’t quite know the specifics. The karma within this situation is only just beginning to present itself. Manon’s father was the village hunchback. Consequently, he was looked down on by the other residents. He was a teacher, an outdoorsman, and also owned his own farm. Due to his unfortunate mutation, he was a last priority in the village and when Papet is faced with the tough decision, he ends up cutting the water supply to the hunchback’s land.Manon overhears this story and understands that the whole village had knowledge of this and Ugolin and Papet are to blame for her father’s death. She then tells Ugolin that she will never love him for what he has done and eventually finds out a way to cut the village’s water supply to get her revenge. You can see a form of karma with the water situation in this instance. Ugolin and Papet cut off her father’s water supply and the village does nothing about it, so out of spite Manon does the same to everyone in the village. However, the biggest display of karma is yet to come in the story.After Ugolin is told by the love of his life that she despises him and will never love him, Ugolin feels no will to live. He can’t bear to live any longer, and unfortunately this results in h is shocking suicide. Papet is left with no heir to his fortune and most importantly, he is left alone. Filled with depression and resentment, Papet is left to wonder how things escalated the way they did. Upon speaking with a very knowledgeable blind woman one evening, Papet is informed that his past lover, Florette, was pregnant with a son.Papet kept in touch with Florette for a time by way of writing letters, but for some reason, they stopped coming. Among the letters that Papet did not receive were the letters containing the information being told by this woman. This woman informed Papet that Florette’s son was not only his, her son was the hunchback. A wave of emotions crosses Papet’s mind and eventually, he too has no will to live. Karma is at its greatest potential in this story’s resolution. Papet finds that the one thing he has strived for in life, an heir to his fortune, has been killed and he is to blame.Karma even took the life of Ugolin, Papetâ€℠¢s planned heir, due to their own heinous act on the village hunchback. Upon lying on his death bed, Papet has one last message to his newfound granddaughter, Manon. He leaves the rest of his riches to her in an effort to somewhat put his mind at ease before dying. Also in hopes that someday she can forgive him for his wrongdoing. Once we see the story’s resolution, it is clear how big of a role karma plays into it. In tons of smaller ways and a few major ones, karma truly is the centerpiece in this film.

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ( Ocd ) - 1174 Words

acquisition of items was tied to an individual’s identity. Decades later, Erich Fromm described the hoarding orientation as a dysfunctional orientation of character. Also during that time many psychoanalysts, including Freud, believed hoarding arose from an individual’s fixation on the anal phase of development. Difficulties with this stage led to issues with parsimony, orderliness, and obstinance, known as the anal triad, and was the basis for an anal personality (Frost Steketee, 2013). In the DSM III, hoarding is one of the criteria listed for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). It remained that way through DSM-III-R, DSM-IV, and DSM-IV-R (Frost Steketee, 2013). In the DSM-5, hoarding disorder is classified as its own mental†¦show more content†¦As previously stated, hoarding was considered a criteria of OCD and was therefore treated with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) that was designed for OCD. This yielded poor results for individuals with hoarding sy mptoms. However, CBT tailored to hoarding has produced more positive results. A multimodal approach using CBT designed for hoarding and group therapy has been successful as well. Group therapy was helpful to reduce feelings of shame, increase feelings of inclusivity and cohesion, as well as reduce social isolation. A multimodal approach that included pharmacotherapy may be beneficial as well. Medication has been proven to be effective for many depressive and anxiety symptoms. Early research has shown pharmacotherapy to be ineffective for treating hoarding symptoms (Sorensen, 2013). However, given the high rate of comorbidity with depression and anxiety, (approximately 75%) pharmacotherapy would be indicated to improve comorbid conditions in appropriate individuals (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Stigma Mental illness has an incredible amount of stigma surrounding it, and hoarding is certainly not the exception. Many popular television shows such as A E’s Hoarders sheds light on the personal struggles that many of those suffering with hoarding disorder face. For many, these shows provide education about a disorder they knew little about. For others, the extreme cases precipitate feelings of disgust which

Should Marijuana Be Legalized - 1559 Words

Drugs are constantly on the rise from place to place around the world. With new research completed on drugs and different medicated diagnosis, the increase for drug use will always have a reason to continue its growth. With these increases, more problems arise including side effects and addictions. Depending on the form of drug as well as the person using said drug, the reaction to the drug can vary as well as its effects. There are many forms of any particular drug and have shown to be in easy access for those searching for said drug. At this point, the United States is at a state by state controversy based on the health facts with the act of legalizing marijuana and making sales. To begin, many states are already selling marijuana, but only to individuals who present a signed prescription. The requirements for medical marijuana have been discarded as marijuana users take advantage of this assistance to fulfill a â€Å"high†. The use of marijuana is a seamless example of the use of drugs in our society and displays the drug use in a beneficial format as well as the abused outlook. Another trending aspect of drug use among individuals is combining multiple drugs to cause a more fulfilling â€Å"high†. One major drug on the streets that is making a huge impact on the individuals using them is Phencyclidine (PCP). PCP is a drug and has the effect that many other drugs have. Unlike marijuana, PCP is nowhere close to being legalized in any state and is still in the process of beingShow MoreRelatedShould Marijuana Be Legalized?849 Words   |  4 Pageswhether marijuana should be legalized. Around 23 states have legalized marijuana for medical and recreational use. In the state of Illinois, medicinal use of marijuana has been passed on April 17, 2013. Since January 2014, patients are able to obtain marijuana with a doctor s recommendation. The new debate is whether marijuana should be legalized for the general public as a recreational drug. Although some believe that marijuana is harmless, and that it has beneficial medicinal uses, marijuana shouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1715 Words   |  7 PagesMarijuana in Society Cannabis, formally known as marijuana is a drug obtained from the tops, stems and leaves of the hemp plant cannabis. The drug is one of the most commonly used drugs in the world. Only substances like caffeine, nicotine and alcohol are used more (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). In the U. S. where some use it to feel â€Å"high† or get an escape from reality. The drug is referred to in many ways; weed, grass, pot, and or reefer are some common names used to describe the drug (â€Å"Marijuana† 1). Like mostRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1489 Words   |  6 Pagescannabis plant or marijuana is intended for use of a psychoactive drug or medicine. It is used for recreational or medical uses. In some religions, marijuana is predominantly used for spiritual purposes. Cannabis is indigenous to central and south Asia. Cannabis has been scientifically proven that you can not die from smoking marijuana. Marijuana should be legalized to help people with medical benefits, econo mic benefits, and criminal benefits. In eight states, marijuana was legalized for recreationalRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1245 Words   |  5 PagesMarijuana is a highly debatable topic that is rapidly gaining attention in society today.   Legalizing marijuana can benefit the economy of this nation through the creation of jobs, increased tax revenue, and a decrease in taxpayer money spent on law enforcement.   Ã‚  Many people would outlaw alcohol, cigarettes, fast food, gambling, and tanning beds because of the harmful effects they have on members of a society, but this is the United States of America; the land of the free and we should give peopleRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1010 Words   |  5 PagesThe legalization of marijuana became a heated political subject in the last few years. Twenty-one states in America have legalized medical marijuana. Colorado and Washington are the only states where marijuana can be purchased recreationally. Marijuana is the high THC level part of the cannabis plant, which gives users the â€Å"high† feeling. There is ample evidence that supports the argument that marijuana is beneficial. The government should legalize marijuana recreationally for three main reasonsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1350 Words   |  6 Pagespolitics in the past decade would have to be the legalization of marijuana. The sale and production of marijuana have been legalized for medicinal uses in over twenty states and has been legalized for recreational uses in seven states. Despite the ongoing support for marijuana, it has yet to be fully legalized in the federal level due to cultural bias against â€Å"pot† smoking and the focus over its negative effects. However, legalizing marijuana has been proven to decrease the rate of incrimination in AmericaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1231 Words   |  5 Pagesshows the positive benefits of marijuana, it remains illegal under federal law. In recent years, numerous states have defied federal law and legalized marijuana for both recreational and medicinal use. Arizona has legalized marijuana for medical use, but it still remains illegal to use recreationally. This is absurd, as the evidence gathered over the last few decades strongly supports the notion that it is safer than alcohol, a widely available substance. Marijuana being listed as a Schedule I drugRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized? Essay1457 Words   |  6 PagesSHOULD MARIJUANA BE LEGALIZED? Marijuana is a drug that has sparked much controversy over the past decade as to whether or not it should be legalized. People once thought of marijuana as a bad, mind-altering drug which changes a person’s personality which can lead to crime and violence through selling and buying it. In the past, the majority of citizens believed that marijuana is a harmful drug that should be kept off the market and out of the hands of the public. However, a recent study conductedRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1596 Words   |  7 Pages But what needs to be known before a user can safely and completely make the decision if trying Marijuana is a good idea? Many do not want the drug to be legalized because they claim that Cannabis is a â€Å"gateway drug†, meaning it will cause people to try harder drugs once their body builds up a resistance to Marijuana, because a stronger drug will be needed to reach a high state. This argument is often falsely related to the medical si de of the debate over legalization. It is claimed that this wouldRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?985 Words   |  4 PagesLegalize Marijuana Despite what people believe about marijuana, it hasn’t once proved to be the cause of any real issue. It makes you wonder what the reason as to why there is a war on drugs. Why is marijuana the main concern? Since the time that alcohol and tobacco became legal, people wonder why marijuana isn’t legal yet. The fact that marijuana is illegal is mainly caused by the amount of money, jobs, and pride invested in the drug war. Once the government starts anything, they stick to it. At

The Consumer Culture Final Project - 2020 Words

Consumer Culture Final Project This semester having to track all of my buying has been very helpful and eye opening. I was able to break down all of my buying into 8 categories; clothes, food (groceries), food (restaurants), entertainment, gas, gym, miscellaneous, and school. I was able to conclude that most of my purchases were paid with a debit card with the exception of my school payments. Most of my purchases were in store with the exception of a few purchases online. The majority of my purchases were wants and not necessities, and after doing this project throughout the semester I have a lot of unnecessary buying. This paper is a reflection of all of my buying. This graph is a visual of the overall amount spent through the semester. Looking at the entire semester I spent a total of $5,668. I spent $308 on clothes in store and online, $459 on food in the grocery store, $562 on food in multiple restaurants and fast food, $1,049 on entertainment like my vacation and movies, $340 on gas, $177 on the gym, $123 on miscellaneous items from CVS or 7 eleven, and $2,650 on school tuition. The overall amount surprised me because I did not even think I earned this much in the semester. It makes me very uncomfortable because there is a lot of money spent on unnecessary things. For example, I spent $562 on food from restaurants. This is so highly unnecessary because I also spent $459 on groceries. The category where I spent the most money was school tuition, which is expected.Show MoreRelatedCanine Companion For Independence : A Nonprofit Agency Organization1600 Words   |  7 Pageswho are hearing impaired. This nonprofit agency has been in effect sinc e 1975 and has a paid staff as well as volunteers who work well together to train the dogs and the consumer. 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The purpose of this project is to analyze the features of the impacts of brand on customer buying behavior to put forward